Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. It is characterized by sudden, severe episodes of pain, swelling, redness, and warmth in the affected joint. Gout most commonly affects the big toe, but it can also involve the ankles, knees, wrists, fingers, and elbows.

Common Symptoms

Sudden onset of intense joint pain, often at night
Swelling, redness, and warmth over the joint
Extreme tenderness, even to light touch
Limited joint movement during an attack
Recurrent flare-ups with symptom-free periods in between

Causes

Gout develops when uric acid levels in the blood become elevated (hyperuricemia). This may occur due to:

Increased production of uric acid
Reduced excretion of uric acid by the kidneys

Uric acid crystals form in the joints, triggering inflammation and pain.

Risk Factors

Diet high in purines (red meat, organ meats, seafood)
Excessive alcohol consumption, especially beer
Obesity
High blood pressure, diabetes, or kidney disease
Certain medications (diuretics, low-dose aspirin)
Family history of gout
Male gender and increasing age