Obesity

Obesity

Obesity is a chronic health condition characterized by excess body fat accumulation that increases the risk of multiple medical problems such as diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, joint disorders, fatty liver disease, and hormonal imbalance. It is commonly assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI).

Obesity 

What is Obesity?

Obesity occurs when calorie intake consistently exceeds energy expenditure, leading to excessive fat storage in the body. It is not just a cosmetic concern—it is a metabolic disease with serious long-term health implications.

BMI Classification (Adults):

  • Underweight: < 18.5

  • Normal weight: 18.5 – 24.9

  • Overweight: 25 – 29.9

  • Obesity: ≥ 30
    (For Asian populations, health risks start at lower BMI cut-offs.)

Causes

  • High-calorie, low-nutrition diet

  • Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Hormonal disorders (thyroid, PCOS)

  • Stress, emotional eating

  • Poor sleep

  • Certain medications (steroids, antidepressants)

Common Symptoms & Signs

  • Excess body weight and fat

  • Breathlessness on exertion

  • Fatigue and low stamina

  • Joint and back pain

  • Excessive sweating

  • Snoring or sleep apnea

  • Low self-esteem or mood issues

Health Risks & Complications

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • High blood pressure

  • Heart disease and stroke

  • Fatty liver disease

  • Osteoarthritis and joint problems

  • PCOS and infertility

  • Sleep apnea

  • Certain cancers

  • Reduced life expectancy