High Cholesterol 

High Cholesterol 

High cholesterol is a condition where there are excess fats (lipids) in the blood, especially LDL (“bad”) cholesterol and triglycerides. Over time, this leads to plaque build-up in arteries (atherosclerosis), increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease.

High Cholesterol

What is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance needed for:

  • Hormone production

  • Cell membrane structure

  • Vitamin D synthesis

Types of blood lipids:

  • LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) – “Bad” cholesterol (causes blockage)

  • HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) – “Good” cholesterol (protects heart)

  • Triglycerides – another type of fat linked to heart risk

Causes

  • High intake of saturated and trans fats

  • Obesity and physical inactivity

  • Smoking and alcohol use

  • Genetic factors (familial hypercholesterolemia)

  • Diabetes and hypothyroidism

  • Poor diet (fried, processed foods)

Symptoms

High cholesterol usually has no symptoms. It is often detected only on blood tests. Long-standing high cholesterol may lead to:

  • Chest pain (angina)

  • Heart attack

  • Stroke

Risk Factors

  • Family history of heart disease

  • Unhealthy diet

  • Overweight/obesity

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Smoking

  • Diabetes and high blood pressure

  • Age above 40 years