Diabetes

Diabetes 

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar (glucose) levels due to insufficient insulin production, impaired insulin action, or both. Long-term uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels.

Diabetes 

What is Diabetes?

Glucose is the body’s main source of energy. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps glucose enter cells. In diabetes, this process is impaired, causing glucose to build up in the blood.

Types of Diabetes

  1. Type 1 Diabetes

    • Autoimmune condition

    • Body does not produce insulin

    • Usually develops in children/young adults

    • Requires lifelong insulin therapy

  2. Type 2 Diabetes (Most common)

    • Body does not use insulin properly (insulin resistance)

    • Strongly linked to obesity and sedentary lifestyle

    • Can often be managed with lifestyle changes and medications

  3. Gestational Diabetes

    • Occurs during pregnancy

    • Usually resolves after delivery

    • Increases future risk of Type 2 diabetes

  4. Prediabetes

    • Blood sugar higher than normal but not yet diabetes

    • Early lifestyle changes can prevent progression

Causes

  • Insulin deficiency or resistance

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Obesity and physical inactivity

  • Unhealthy diet (high sugar/refined carbs)

  • Stress

  • Certain medications (e.g., steroids)

  • Hormonal disorders

Common Symptoms

  • Frequent urination

  • Excessive thirst

  • Increased hunger

  • Unexplained weight loss (especially Type 1)

  • Fatigue

  • Blurred vision

  • Slow-healing wounds

  • Recurrent infections

  • Tingling or numbness in hands/feet

Risk Factors

  • Family history of diabetes

  • Overweight or obesity

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Age above 35–40 years

  • High blood pressure

  • Abnormal cholesterol levels

  • History of gestational diabetes

  • PCOS in women