Depression

Depression

Depression (Major Depressive Disorder) is a common mental health condition characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest or pleasure, low energy, and negative thoughts that last for weeks or months and interfere with daily functioning. Depression is a medical condition—not a weakness—and it is highly treatable with the right support.

Depression 

What is Depression?

Depression involves changes in brain chemistry and stress hormones that affect mood, thinking, behavior, sleep, appetite, and physical health. It can affect people of any age and background.

Types of Depression

  1. Major Depressive Disorder

    • Persistent low mood and loss of interest most days

  2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

    • Long-term, milder depression lasting ≥2 years

  3. Postpartum Depression

    • Depression after childbirth

  4. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

    • Depression related to seasonal changes

  5. Depression with Anxiety

    • Mixed symptoms of depression and anxiety

Common Symptoms

Emotional & Cognitive

  • Persistent sadness or emptiness

  • Loss of interest in activities

  • Feelings of hopelessness or guilt

  • Low self-esteem

  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Physical

  • Fatigue, low energy

  • Sleep problems (insomnia or oversleeping)

  • Changes in appetite or weight

  • Body aches and pains

  • Reduced libido

Behavioral

  • Withdrawal from social activities

  • Reduced productivity

  • Crying spells

  • Irritability

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Chronic stress

  • Trauma or loss

  • Hormonal changes

  • Chronic medical illnesses

  • Substance use

  • Certain medications

  • Social isolation