Anemia

Anemia

Anemia is a condition in which the body has low levels of hemoglobin or red blood cells, reducing the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to tissues. This leads to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, breathlessness, and paleness. Anemia is very common, especially among women, children, and elderly individuals.

Anemia 

What is Anemia?

Hemoglobin in red blood cells carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. In anemia, low hemoglobin means organs and tissues receive less oxygen, causing tiredness and reduced physical capacity.

Types of Anemia

  1. Iron Deficiency Anemia (Most common)

    • Due to low iron intake or blood loss

  2. Vitamin Deficiency Anemia

    • Due to deficiency of Vitamin B12 or Folate

  3. Anemia of Chronic Disease

    • Seen in chronic infections, kidney disease, inflammatory disorders

  4. Hemolytic Anemia

    • Increased destruction of red blood cells

  5. Aplastic Anemia

    • Bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells

  6. Inherited Anemias

    • Thalassemia, Sickle cell anemia

Causes

  • Poor dietary intake of iron, B12, folate

  • Chronic blood loss (heavy periods, piles, ulcers)

  • Parasitic infections (hookworm)

  • Pregnancy

  • Chronic kidney disease

  • Chronic infections or inflammation

  • Genetic blood disorders

Common Symptoms

  • Fatigue and weakness

  • Pale skin, lips, and nails

  • Shortness of breath

  • Dizziness or headache

  • Palpitations

  • Cold hands and feet

  • Brittle nails, hair fall

  • Reduced concentration

Risk Factors

  • Women with heavy menstrual bleeding

  • Pregnancy and breastfeeding

  • Poor nutrition

  • Vegetarian/vegan diet without proper planning

  • Chronic diseases

  • Children and adolescents (growth phase)