Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a heart condition caused by narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to fatty plaque build-up (atherosclerosis). These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Reduced blood flow can lead to chest pain (angina), heart attack, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. CAD is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Coronary Artery Disease
What is CAD?
In CAD, cholesterol and inflammatory deposits accumulate on artery walls, forming plaques. Over time, arteries become narrow, stiff, and less able to deliver adequate blood to the heart, especially during exertion or stress.
Causes
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High cholesterol (especially high LDL)
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High blood pressure
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Diabetes
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Smoking and tobacco use
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Obesity
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Sedentary lifestyle
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Unhealthy diet (high fat, salt, sugar)
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Genetic predisposition
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Chronic stress
Common Symptoms
Typical Symptoms
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Chest pain or discomfort (angina)
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Pain radiating to left arm, neck, jaw, or back
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Shortness of breath
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Fatigue
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Sweating
Warning Signs of Heart Attack
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Severe, crushing chest pain
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Nausea or vomiting
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Cold sweats
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Sudden breathlessness
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Dizziness or fainting
⚠️ These are medical emergencies—seek immediate care.
Risk Factors
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Age above 40 years (earlier in men)
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Family history of early heart disease
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Smoking
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High BP, diabetes, high cholesterol
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Obesity
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Physical inactivity
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Stress