Piles

Piles (Hemorrhoids)

Piles, medically known as hemorrhoids, are swollen and inflamed veins in the lower rectum or anus. They are a common condition and can occur internally (inside the rectum) or externally (under the skin around the anus). While often uncomfortable, piles are usually not serious and can often be managed with lifestyle and medical treatments.

Types of Piles

  • Internal hemorrhoids: Located inside the rectum; usually painless but may cause bleeding during bowel movements

  • External hemorrhoids: Located under the skin around the anus; may cause pain, swelling, and irritation

  • Thrombosed hemorrhoids: External hemorrhoids containing a blood clot, causing severe pain and swelling

Common Symptoms

  • Bright red blood during or after bowel movements

  • Anal itching or irritation

  • Pain or discomfort, especially when sitting

  • Swelling or a lump near the anus

  • Mucus discharge after passing stool

  • Feeling of incomplete bowel emptying

Causes

Piles develop due to increased pressure on veins in the rectal area, often caused by:

  • Chronic constipation or diarrhea

  • Straining during bowel movements

  • Prolonged sitting on the toilet

  • Low-fiber diet

  • Pregnancy and childbirth

  • Obesity

  • Heavy lifting

Risk Factors

  • Poor dietary fiber intake

  • Sedentary lifestyle

  • Aging (weakened vein walls)

  • Family history of hemorrhoids