Eczema

Eczema

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, red, dry, and inflamed patches of skin. It often follows a relapsing–remitting course, meaning symptoms can flare up and then improve. Eczema is not contagious and can affect people of all ages, including infants, children, and adults.

Eczema 

What is Eczema?

Eczema refers to a group of conditions that cause skin inflammation and barrier dysfunction. The most common type is Atopic Dermatitis, but there are several forms with different triggers.

Types of Eczema

  1. Atopic Dermatitis – common in children; associated with allergies/asthma

  2. Contact Dermatitis – due to allergens or irritants (soaps, chemicals, metals)

  3. Seborrheic Dermatitis – oily, scaly patches on scalp/face (dandruff)

  4. Dyshidrotic Eczema – small itchy blisters on hands and feet

  5. Nummular Eczema – coin-shaped patches

  6. Stasis Dermatitis – on lower legs due to poor circulation

Causes & Triggers

  • Genetic predisposition

  • Defective skin barrier

  • Allergens (dust mites, pollen)

  • Irritants (soaps, detergents, chemicals)

  • Weather changes (cold, dry air)

  • Stress

  • Sweating

  • Certain foods (in some individuals)

  • Infections

Common Symptoms

  • Intense itching (worse at night)

  • Red, inflamed patches

  • Dry, cracked, scaly skin

  • Oozing or crusting in acute flares

  • Thickened skin in chronic cases (lichenification)

  • Darkening of skin after healing (post-inflammatory pigmentation)

Risk Factors

  • Family history of eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis

  • Dry skin

  • Exposure to irritants/allergens

  • Stress

  • Urban living and pollution